Hide glue is still in use. If you are refinishing a piece of antique furniture that was built with it you'll have to use it to maintain the value of the piece. It's a bit hard to locate but you can buy hide glue online at Rockler Woodworking and Hardware Superstore.
Other glues on the market are now being produced to fill niche market needs. There's your construction adhesive like Liquid Nails, epoxy glue, water-resistant formulations, and so on.
I recently bought some Loctite marine epoxy glue. The eye on the end of my spinning rod snapped off (don't ask, Oy Vey!) so I bought a new one at the local Marburger's Sporting Goods store. I plan on using the epoxy to attach it.
Speaking of fishing, it's too dadgum cold to go today. But towards the end of the week it should be better. Fishing in the bay this spring is going to be a learning experience. Hurricane Ike changed the bay floor so much that the old honey holes no longer apply.
Now, if you'll excuse me, I'm off to make that repair!